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Imperialism is the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. The main goal of Imperialism was basically to just destroy weak nations politically and economically and gain control. Africa had a great attack on their society during this time. The Scramble for Africa was the proliferation of conflicting European claims to African territory during the New Imperialism period, between the 1880's and the First World War in 1914. From 1884-1885 the Berlin Conference occurred, regulating European colonization and trade in Africa during this New Imperialism period. Not only was Africa effected by this New Imperialism age, but also other continents, countries, and nations. For example, the Boer War took place from 1899-1902 in which Great Britain fought against the Transvaal and Orange Free State on the Zulu Nation, and the Opium Wars which were the climax of trade dispute between China under the Qing Dynasty and the UK of Great Britain and Ireland. Motives were analyzed by Europeans for Imperialism. Economic motives included the desire to make profits, expand trade, create new markets, and to export technology and new transportation methods. A few examples of economical motives were: the diamond mining in South Africa to later be sold for great profits and the resource ivory that Africa contained which was also used for profits. Political motives were used for the gain of power for a nation and to compete with other European countries by expanding territory and winning colonies for example the French invading Vietnam to capture their citadel. Ideological motives were based around cultural values such as the belief that the white race was superior compared to the black, outside cultures were primitive, and only the strongest nations shall survive. An example of ideological motives being, Cecil Rhodes vision of making Africa into much like Great Britain.